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Icon Painting Masters &
Icon Painting Schools

Updated : 24 May 2006

On this page you will find links to icons painted (written) by alltime worldfamous Icon Painters. Their icons and frescoes are true master works from a painter's point of view as much as from a spriritual point of view. It should be pointed out that in ancient times an iconographer traditionnally remained anonymous. They did not sign their works, which is why, today, only relatively few of these masters are known by name. One prime example of this is the icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir. Recognized as one of the most famous icons of all time, and certainly in Russia one of the most venerated as well, the author of it is unknown to this very day, although we do know that the icon was painted in Byzantium. Contrary to this, iconographers like Theophanes the Greek and Andrei Rublev who painted magnificent works of sacred art in churches, day after day, clearly were in the public's eye which made it all but impossible for them to remain anonymous.
     I might add that this page is by no means complete. The icon painters whose names are shown here are well known and acknowledged masters of the Middle Ages as evidenced in the literature, or acknowledged masters by their peers with regard to contemporary masters. There certainly are many more, but it would be pretentious on my part to pronounce certain iconographers a master while ignoring others. Also, an icon painter is not pronounced a master solely by his mastery of painting. There are other criteria to be taken into consideration, having a steady following being one of them, for example.

Medieval Masters

Manuel Panselinos
Theophanes the Greek
Andrei Rublev
Master Dionysius
Andreas Ritzos
Theophanes the Cretan
Simon Ushakov
Emmanuel Lombardos
Emmanuel Tzanes


Contemporary Masters

Photios Kontoglou
Vladislav Andreyev
Nun Olympias
Xenia Pokrovsky
Fr. Egon Sendler
Fr. Teodor Zinon




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Copyright © 2002-2006 P.W. de Ruyter.  All rights reserved.
 
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MEDIEVAL ICON PAINTING MASTERS
(in chronological order)


St. Demetrios

St. Demetrios (2)

Manuel Panselinos, Greek Painter (around 1300)

Manuel Panselinos was known as one of the greatest painters of frescoes. Most of these can be found in the Protaton Church, Mount Athos. That was around 1300 and before the time of Theophanes the Greek. One does not find him referenced otherwise, at that time. In our days, however, the frescoes of Manuel Panselinos are gaining new importance.
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- Christ Enthroned   (Wallpaintings, the Protaton Church, Mount Athos, ca. 1300)
- The Resurrection (1)   (Wallpaintings, the Protaton Church, Mount Athos, ca. 1300)
- The Resurrection (2)
- St. Demetrios (Hellenic Ministry of Culture)
- See 63 of his works in Myriobiblos [ http://www.myriobiblos.gr/museum_en.htm ]
(In Myriobiblos, scroll down till you see the name mentioned, then click enter) (Permanent Exhibition)




The Transfiguration




Theophanes the Greek*, Greek Painter, born in Crete (1330-1410)

One of the greatest iconographers of all times, Theophanes the Greek was born in Crete and came to Russia in the year 1378. He decorated more than (40) churches in Russia and Constantinople and surroundings. He never used models where everyone else did. He traced a new path in the world of painting unknown till then to Byzantine Art. He was instrumental in shaping the iconostasis (see the 'iconostasis page') as we presently know it. He executed magnificent icons together with Andrei Rublev. The latter at the time was Theophanes' disciple, but went on to become the greatest iconographer the world has ever known.

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- Holy Virgin
- Mother of God of the Don

- The Savior in Glory
- The Transfiguration
- The Holy Trinity
- Saint Paul
- Dormition of the Virgin


- Olga's Gallery : http://www.abcgallery.com/I/icons/greek.html
- Gallery of Greek Iconography by Theophanes the Greek
http://www.urartu-cilicia.netfirms.com/gallery_of_greek_iconography_by.htm

* Note: Theophanes the Cretan, also born in Crete, is not to be confused with Theophanes the Greek, as he is an altogether different person ; see Theophanes the Cretan further down




The Holy Trinity






Andrei Rublev, Russian Painter (1370-1430)

(Saint) Andrei Rublev is said to be the greatest icon-painter of all times. He is synonomous with The Holy Trinity icon, which is in every way a most remarquable icon. The scene, also known as the Hospitality of Abraham [ (1) , (2) ] had been pictured before, but Andrei Rublev perfected the visual image and interpretation of the scene. Much has been said and written about this icon.

References you can explore include the following :
- The Holy Trinity (Alexander Boguslawski)
- The Icon of the Holy Trinity
- Andrei Rublev’s Icon of the Holy Trinity
- Introduction à l'Icône de la Trinité (French, Pages Orthodoxes La Transfiguration)

Following are some of his most welknown icons:
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- Holy Trinity
- Entry into Jerusalem
- Savior of Zvenigorod (a)
- The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple
- Saint Paul
- Archangel Michael

 Also see:
 - Icons of Andrei Rublev http://www.prawoslawie.k.pl/Rublow.htm
 - Icons of Andrei Rublev (Alexander Boguslawski) http://www.rollins.edu/Foreign_Lang/Russian/rublev.html
 - Icons ascribed to Andrei Rublev http://www.russianartgallery.org/oldicons/inside2.htm
 - Olga's Gallery http://www.abcgallery.com/I/icons/rublev.html
 - Remains of Russian painter found in monastery, by Andrew Osborn in Moscow,
   print version of original published on site rusnet.nl 25 April 2006
   http://www.rusnet.nl/news/2006/04/25/culture01.shtml



Descent to Hell
Master Dionysius
16th century

Master Dionysius (Maître Denis), Russian Painter (1440-1510)
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- Mother of God Hodigitria (1482)
- The Crucifixion
- The Descent to Hell

Also see :
- Olga's Gallery - Dionysii (Dionysius) http://www.abcgallery.com/I/icons/dionisius.html
- Frescoes in the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin, Vologda :
  http://www.iconsexplained.com/iec/03000_vologda.htm



Andreas Ritzos, Greek Painter (15th Century)

- Ascension of Christ
- Mother of God enthroned (shown to the left)
- Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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Jesus before Pilatus

Theophanes the Cretan, Greek Painter (16th Century)

About the artist: http://www.artnet.com/library/08/0844/T084472.asp
(Source : artnet.com Resource Library)

About his works: See the 13 icons depicting the Holy Passion of our Lord in Myriobiblos, the online museum of the Greek Orthodox Church http://www.myriobiblos.gr/museum_en.htm . In Myriobiblos, scroll down till you see the name mentioned, then click enter (Permanent Exhibition).

The following frescoes and icons (8 images) are credited to Theophanes the Cretan. They are part of, and can be found also, in the Exhibtion Treasures of Mount Athos.
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Simon Ushakov, Russian Painter (1626-1686)

- Christ Emmanuel (shown to the left)
- The Virgin Eleousa of Kykkos (1668)
- The Last Supper
- Archangel Michael
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Emmanuel Lombardos, Greek Painter (17th c.)

- The Lamentation (shown to the left)
- Pieta. Tuzla, early 17th century

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Virgin Amolyntos
1641

Emmanuel Tzanes, Greek Painter (1610-1690)
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- The Mother of God Kyriotissa
- La Pieta, 1657   Icônes grecques Collection Emilios Velimezis
- La Synaxe des Anges, 1666
- Noli me tangere, 1657 Galeria de Ícones (Hellenic Ministry of Culture
- Saint George killing the dragon, ca. 1670 Galeria de Ícones, Hellenic Ministry of Culture
- Vierge Amolyntos http://www.hellenicbookservice.com/Theology/theomain.htm
- The Entombment of Christ, Cretan School, 17th c. http://www.culture.gr/2/21/211/21101m/00/lk01m03a.jpg




























 
ICON PAINTING MASTERS
Contemporary


St. Demetrios Photios Kontoglou
1948

Photios (Fotis) Kontoglou, Greek Painter (1895-1965)
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- Photios Kontoglou was the one artist mostly responsible for the revival of Byzantine iconography in Greece in the 20th century. This revival later spread to Romania and among Russians in the diaspora. Click the following link for further details about Photios Kontoglou's influence http://www.traditionaliconography.com/influence.asp. The link is found on the website of Paul Azkoul, one of several iconographers who adopted Photios Kontoglou's technique.
- What Orthodox Iconography Is http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/kontoglou_iconography.aspx
- See 8 of Photios Kontoglou's works in Myriobiblos http://www.myriobiblos.gr/museum_en.htm
(In Myriobiblos, scroll down till you see the name mentioned, then click enter)


Vladislav Andreyev, New York
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- See Reference on Contemporary Byzantine icons page



Mother of God
of Vladimir
Xenia Pokrovsky

Xenia Pokrovsky, Iconographer, Restorer and Iconography Expert http://www.izograph.com/xenia.htm.

Xenia Pokrovsky has been very influential in the revival of the Byzantine Icon after the collapse of communism and Soviet Russia. As is mentioned in the above article, Pokrovsky's art is firmly based on knowledge of Orthodox theology, Orthodox Church history, and the symbolic and semantic language of iconography.

She considers teaching one of her greatest achievements and has a large following among icon masters. See Six Days of Creation http://www.standrewlexington.org/icon_workshop/xenia.htm
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Also see her site in the Iconographers' Index-Imagebase (Contemporary Byzantine Icons page) http://www.IconsExplained.com/iec/iec_idb4c.htm#xenia_pokrovsky.



Rev. Egon Sendler S.J., Polish Painter (Silezie), residing in France
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- See Reference on Contemporary Byzantine icons page



Rev. Teodor Zinon, Russian Painter
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- See Reference on Contemporary Byzantine Icons page



Nun Olympias, Greek Painter
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- See 10 of her works in Myriobiblos http://www.myriobiblos.gr/museum_en.htm
(In Myriobiblos, scroll down till you see the name mentioned, then click enter)

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MAJOR SCHOOLS OF (RUSSIAN) ICON PAINTING
Russian Painting (English)
(Alexander Boguslawski)
Russian Icons Gallery
(Japanese / English)
Russian Treasures Net
(English)
Other Sources

Kiev School
7 beautiful images with excellent descriptions
Kiev School


Kiev School


 
Moscow School Moscow School Moscow School
Galleries 1 - 11
 
Novgorod School Novgorod School Novgorod School
Galleries 1 - 4
 
Pskov School Pskov School Pskov School
Galleries 1 - 3
 
  Tver School  
For online images, click French equivalent to the right. Also see Note (1)
  Icônes de Tver  
Superb online images.
Also see Note (1)
  Yaroslavl School
About Yaroslavl
Also see Note (2)

 
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Other Schools and Iconographers that have (had)
a major influence on the writing of icons

MEDIEVAL & POST-BYZANTINE
- North Russian School of icon painting : The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg shows several icons of the North Russian School http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/04/b2003/hm4_1_o.html

- Post-Byzantine Icon Art and Icon Painting Schools http://home.yebo.co.za/~xenitis/untitled2.html

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Notes
(1) Available in several languages, besides Russian.
    - English: Tver Icons, Aurora Art Publishers, St. Petersburg
    - French: Icônes de Tver, Éditions d'Art Aurora, Saint Petersbourg

(2) A CD titled “Yaroslavl Churches Wallpainting” presents unique graphical material including more than 700 illustrations. It contains a great number of rare archive pictures, made from the scaffold during wallpainting restoration in the Yaroslavl churches http://www.evarussia.ru/EVA2002/english/sod_559.html

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